Legal Dynasty - Ngọc Prinny's Legal blog: Good Faith Doctrine

📚 Etymology Corner: "Guarantee" - From Ancient Promises to Modern Banking Tricks

Ever wonder where "guarantee" comes from? It traces back to Old French "garantie" and Germanic "warrantia", meaning "to protect" or "to warrant" 🛡️. The root "wer-" means "true" or "trustworthy"—ironically, the exact OPPOSITE of what happened in today's case! 😤

Over centuries, guarantees evolved from personal honor pledges to formal legal instruments. In medieval times, a guarantee meant your LIFE was on the line! 🗡️ Today, it's "just" money—but as this Vietnamese court ruling shows, some banks still try to weasel out of their promises using technicalities that would make medieval lawyers blush! 💸

🎯 The Big Story: Court Says "NO!" to Bank's Technicality Games 🚫

BREAKING PRECEDENT: In Judgment 28/2025, a Vietnamese court delivered a POWERFUL RULING that prioritizes substance over form and upholds the principle of good faith in banking guarantees! 🎉⚖️

The Drama: A bank tried to avoid paying a 5.536 BILLION VND guarantee by demanding a signature from... drumroll... A DEAD PERSON! 💀📝

The Court's Response: "Nice try! 🙄 Pay up!"

Let's break down this fascinating case that's sending shockwaves through Vietnam's banking sector! 🌊🏦

📊 Infographic: The Case at a Glance

🎬 THE PLAYERS
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

👔 PROJECT MANAGEMENT BOARD (PMB)
   "Project Paul" - The Beneficiary
   Role: Oversees government project
   Goal: Get guarantee money back

   VS.

🏦 A1 BANK (BigBank)  
   "Banker Betty" - The Guarantor
   Role: Issued guarantee letter
   Goal: Avoid paying 5.536B VND

🏗️ GOLDSTAR CONSTRUCTION (Company G)
   "Contractor Carl" - The Defaulter
   Role: Received advance payment
   Status: CEO DECEASED 💀 (key plot point!)

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

💰 THE MONEY
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
Advance Payment: 10,036,000,000 VND
Work Completed Value: 4,500,000,000 VND
Outstanding Advance: 5,536,000,000 VND
Guarantee Amount: 5,536,000,000 VND ✅

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

⚡ THE TWIST
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
Contractor's CEO dies → Can't sign violation record
Bank refuses payment → "No signature, no money!"
PMB sues → "That's unreasonable!"
COURT RULES → "Bank must pay!" ⚖️

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

🎯 THE VERDICT
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
✅ Good Faith Principle WINS
✅ Substance over Form
✅ Bank's technicality REJECTED
✅ 5.536 BILLION VND must be paid!

🎭 The Case Story: A Legal Drama in Three Acts

ACT I: The Setup 🏗️

The Scene: A government infrastructure project needs a contractor! 🚧

The Deal:

Project Paul (PMB) hires Contractor Carl (Goldstar Construction) 📋
Carl gets a 10.036 billion VND advance payment 💰
Banker Betty (A1 Bank) issues a guarantee letter: "If Carl doesn't finish the work, we'll refund the unused advance!" 🏦✅

The Terms:

Guarantee covers outstanding advance payments
PMB must submit violation record WITH Carl's signature 📝
Must submit during guarantee validity period ⏰
Bank pays, then recovers from Carl later 🔄

Everything seems normal, right? WRONG! 😱

ACT II: The Tragedy 💀

Plot Twist: Contractor Carl's work grinds to a halt! 🚧❌

The Numbers:

Total advance: 10.036B VND 💵
Work completed: Only 4.5B VND worth! 😰
Outstanding advance: 5.536B VND (Carl still owes this!) 📊

Then... THE UNTHINKABLE HAPPENS: Contractor Carl (the CEO) DIES! 💀🕊️

October 24, 2023: PMB prepares violation record documenting the breach... but there's a problem:

THE SIGNATURE DILEMMA ✍️❓:

Guarantee requires Carl's signature on violation record
Carl is DEAD
Can't exactly ask a deceased person to sign, can you? 🤷‍♂️💀

ACT III: The Legal Battle ⚖️🥊

Project Paul's Move 📨: PMB sends guarantee claim to BigBank BEFORE expiration, explaining:

✅ "Here's the violation record"
✅ "Work incomplete, money unrefunded"
✅ "We sent this on time"
⚠️ "Sorry, no signature... the guy died"

Banker Betty's Response 🏦🚫: "NOPE! We're not paying because:

❌ No original guarantee letter submitted
❌ No violation record with Carl's signature
❌ Missing required documentation
❌ Terms not met = No payment!"

Project Paul: "Are you SERIOUS?! The man is DEAD!" 😤

Banker Betty: "Sorry, rules are rules! 📋 No signature = No money!" 💸

Project Paul: "SEE YOU IN COURT!" ⚖️

⚖️ The Court's BRILLIANT Analysis 🧠✨

The judges weren't having ANY of the bank's nonsense! Here's their devastating logic:

🎯 KEY FINDING #1: The Good Faith Principle Applies

Court's Reasoning 💭:

"A1 Bank KNEW about the force majeure situation preventing signature confirmation. The bank's insistence on requiring a signature from a DECEASED PERSON fundamentally DISTORTS the purpose of guarantee letters, which is to PROTECT THE BENEFICIARY when obligations are breached!"

Translation: You can't hide behind technicalities when basic fairness says otherwise! 🛡️

The Law 📜: Article 3, Vietnamese Civil Code: All civil transactions must follow the principle of good faith (thiện chí, công bằng)

What This Means:

🤝 Act honestly and fairly
🎯 Don't abuse legal technicalities
⚖️ Consider the spirit, not just the letter, of agreements
💡 Don't exploit impossible conditions

The Bank's Fatal Mistake: Demanding the impossible (dead person's signature) violated good faith! ❌

🎯 KEY FINDING #2: The Bank KNEW About the Breach!

Court's Devastating Logic 🎯:

"A1 Bank MANAGED THE ADVANCE PAYMENT ACCOUNT! The bank knew EXACTLY:

✅ How much was advanced (10.036B)

✅ How much work was done (4.5B worth)

✅ How much guarantee was reduced (only 4.5B)

✅ That 5.536B remained outstanding

✅ That the guarantee period was ending

✅ Therefore, BREACH HAD OCCURRED!"

In Other Words:

The bank was like a referee who saw the foul, has VIDEO EVIDENCE of the foul, but refuses to call it because the complaint form has a typo! 🤦‍♂️

The Court Continues 📢:

"Violation documentation is fundamentally about DETERMINING THE AMOUNT OWED. With advance payment guarantees, KNOWING THE OUTSTANDING BALANCE itself proves the breach! Documents can be perfected afterward as long as:

✅ The obligation's nature at guarantee expiration doesn't change

✅ The bank isn't harmed (it has recourse against Goldstar)

✅ The bank has collateral from the company"

🎯 KEY FINDING #3: Substance Over Form

The Court's Principle ⚖️:

The purpose of guarantee letters is PROTECTION, not PAPERWORK!

When:

✅ The breach is REAL (work incomplete, money not refunded)
✅ The beneficiary acted properly (submitted claim on time)
✅ The obstacle is beyond beneficiary's control (death)
✅ The guarantor KNOWS the truth (manages the account)

Then: TECHNICALITIES MUST GIVE WAY TO JUSTICE! 🎯

🏠🚗 Real-Life Examples: Why This Matters

Example 1: "Home Builder Harry" 🏡

YOU hire a contractor to build your house
Contractor gets 500M VND advance
Contractor's company provides bank guarantee
Contractor completes 200M worth, then CEO dies
400M advance unrefunded

OLD THINKING:
Bank: "No CEO signature on breach report = no payment"
You: "But... he's DEAD and the money's gone!"
Result: You lose 400M! 😱

NEW RULING:
Court: "Bank knew contractor hadn't finished"
Court: "Demanding dead person's signature = bad faith"
Court: "Bank must honor guarantee!"
Result: You get your 400M back! 🎉

Impact: MASSIVE protection for project owners! 🛡️

Example 2: "Equipment Leasing Lisa" 🚗

You lease equipment worth 2B VND
Lessee provides bank guarantee for payments
Lessee's director suddenly passes away
Payments stop, equipment damaged

BANK SAYS: "No signature confirming breach = no payout"

UNDER THIS RULING:
✅ Bank manages lessee's account
✅ Bank sees payments stopped
✅ Bank knows about director's death
✅ Bank must honor guarantee despite missing signature

Lesson: Banks can't hide behind impossible documentation! 📄❌

Example 3: "Software Developer Sam" 💻

Client advances 800M for software development
Your company provides bank guarantee
Project 50% complete when CFO dies unexpectedly
Client claims breach, but you can't get "authorized signature"

BEFORE: Bank refuses = your company reputation ruined
AFTER: Court says substance matters more than form!

Protection: Works BOTH ways—ensures guarantees are meaningful! ⚖️

🤔 Did You Know? Fascinating Guarantee Law Trivia!

Fact #1: Guarantee vs. Warranty 📋≠🛡️

In legal terms:

Guarantee = Third party promises to pay if primary party doesn't
Warranty = Promise about product/service quality

Banks issue GUARANTEES, not warranties! The court protects beneficiaries! 🏦

Fact #2: The "Autonomy Principle" 🔓

Bank guarantees are typically "autonomous" from underlying contracts:

Bank pays FIRST, asks questions LATER
Beneficiary just needs to show breach
Bank then recovers from client separately

THIS CASE REINFORCES: Banks can't use technicalities to avoid this! ✅

Fact #3: Good Faith in Vietnamese Law 🇻🇳

Article 3, Civil Code 2015 mandates:

All civil acts must follow good faith
Parties must act honestly and consider others' rights
Can't abuse rights or violate public morality

POWERFUL: Courts CAN override strict contract terms if they violate good faith! ⚖️

Fact #4: Death and Contract Law 💀📜

Generally:

Personal service contracts END with death
But PAYMENT obligations SURVIVE!
Heirs inherit both assets AND debts

In guarantees: Guarantor's obligation CONTINUES even if principal dies! 🏦✅

Fact #5: The "Impossibility" Defense 🚫

In contract law, "impossibility" (force majeure) can excuse performance:

Natural disasters 🌊
War ⚔️
Government action 🏛️
DEATH OF ESSENTIAL PERSON 💀

This case: Court recognized death made signature IMPOSSIBLE, applying good faith! 📜

Fact #6: Bank's "Knowledge" Creates Responsibility 👀

Courts increasingly hold that when banks KNOW about breaches (especially when managing accounts), they can't claim ignorance!

Modern trend: Information equals responsibility! 🧠⚡

Fact #7: Vietnam's Pro-Creditor Shift 📈

This ruling shows Vietnamese courts increasingly:

✅ Protecting beneficiaries over guarantors
✅ Preventing technical evasions
✅ Enforcing guarantees' PROTECTIVE purpose
✅ Prioritizing economic fairness

Result: Guarantees are MORE RELIABLE! 💪

💡 Pro Tips: Protecting Yourself in Guarantee Situations

For Beneficiaries (Project Owners) 🏗️📋

Tip #1: Submit Claims PROMPTLY ⏰

✅ Don't wait until last minute
✅ Document breach IMMEDIATELY
✅ Send claim BEFORE guarantee expires
📧 Use trackable delivery methods

Why: Early submission = proof of diligence! ⚡

Tip #2: Gather ALL Evidence 📁

Even without required signatures, collect:

✅ Account statements showing unpaid advances
✅ Work completion certificates (partial)
✅ Communication records
✅ Bank's own acknowledgments
✅ Third-party inspections

This Case Shows: Substantive evidence can overcome procedural defects! 📊

Tip #3: Communicate the Impossibility 📢

If you can't meet documentary requirements:

✅ EXPLAIN WHY immediately
✅ Provide alternative evidence
✅ Demonstrate good faith effort
✅ Document the force majeure event

Example: "Contractor's CEO deceased on [date], death certificate attached, unable to obtain signature, here's alternative evidence..."

Tip #4: Use the Bank's Own Knowledge 🏦

If the bank manages relevant accounts:

✅ Request bank statements as evidence
✅ Cite bank's access to transaction records
✅ Argue bank can't claim ignorance
✅ Use this ruling as precedent!

Key Phrase: "The guarantor bank, managing the advance payment account, has actual knowledge of the breach..." 🎯

For Banks (Guarantors) 🏦⚠️

Tip #1: Don't Over-Rely on Technicalities 📋❌

This ruling warns:

Strict formalism can backfire
Courts will apply good faith principle
Substance trumps form
You might still have to pay!

Better approach: Investigate claims substantively! 🔍

Tip #2: Document Your Own Knowledge 📝

If you manage client accounts:

Track guarantee reductions systematically
Monitor work completion
Keep records of what you know
Your knowledge can be used against you!

Strategy: If you know = address proactively! 💡

Tip #3: Include Force Majeure Clauses 🌪️

In guarantee letters, specify:

What happens if signature impossible
Alternative verification methods
Notice requirements for force majeure
Good faith cooperation expectations

Example clause: "In event of legal representative's death or incapacity, beneficiary may substitute [alternative documentation]..." 📜

Tip #4: Maintain Recourse Rights 🔄

The court noted bank isn't harmed because:

✅ Bank has collateral from principal
✅ Bank can sue principal's estate/heirs
✅ Bank's ultimate loss is minimal

Lesson: Secure collateral properly from the start! 🛡️

For Everyone 👥💼

Tip #1: Understand Good Faith 🤝

Vietnamese courts WILL enforce:

Fair dealing
Reasonable conduct
No exploitation of technicalities
Economic substance over legal form

Don't assume: "Contract says X, so I'm safe!" ❌

Tip #2: Plan for the Unexpected 🎲

Include contingency provisions for:

Death of key personnel 💀
Company dissolution 🏢
Force majeure events 🌪️
Alternative dispute resolution 🤝

Better safe than sorry! ⚡

Tip #3: Keep Excellent Records 📚

The PMB won because they could prove:

Timely claim submission ✅
Actual breach amount ✅
Good faith effort ✅
Force majeure event ✅

Documentation = Victory! 🏆

🌿 Nature's "Guarantee Systems" - Surprisingly Similar! 🐝

Let's look at how nature handles "guarantees":

The Bee-Flower Contract 🐝🌸

The Deal:

Flower GUARANTEES nectar (payment) 🍯
Bee GUARANTEES pollination (service) 🌼

What if the bee dies mid-pollination?

Does flower demand dead bee finish? NO! ❌
Does flower refuse nectar to OTHER bees? NO! ❌
Nature prioritizes FUNCTION over FORM! ✅

Lesson: Even nature values substance over technicality! 🌿

Symbiotic Relationships 🐠🦐

Cleaner shrimp clean fish in exchange for food:

Guarantee: Fish won't eat shrimp 🐟🤝🦐
What if: Fish is injured, can't "signal" safe zone?
Result: Shrimp evaluates ACTUAL BEHAVIOR, not just signals!

Legal parallel: Courts look at ACTUAL breach (bank's knowledge), not just procedural compliance! 📊

Pack Animal Hierarchies 🐺

Wolf packs have "guarantees" of:

Alpha eats first (leadership privilege) 🥩
But alpha MUST protect pack (leadership duty) 🛡️

If alpha refuses protection over technicality?

Pack removes alpha! 👋
Function matters more than title!

This Case: Court "removed" bank's technical defense when it violated guarantee's protective function! ⚖️

📝 Quiz Time: Test Your Guarantee Law Knowledge! 🎓

Question 1: What's the main principle the court applied? ⚖️

A) Strictissimi juris (strict interpretation)
B) Good faith and fairness ✅
C) Freedom of contract
D) Caveat emptor (buyer beware)

Answer: B! Article 3, Civil Code - good faith principle! 🎯

Question 2: Why couldn't the violation record be signed? 📝

A) PMB forgot to ask
B) Contractor refused
C) CEO had died 💀✅
D) Bank wouldn't allow it

Answer: C! Death made signature impossible—force majeure! 🕊️

Question 3: How did the bank KNOW about the breach? 🏦

A) PMB told them
B) Contractor confessed
C) Bank managed the advance payment account ✅
D) Lucky guess

Answer: C! Bank's own knowledge from managing accounts! 📊

Question 4: How much was the disputed guarantee? 💰

A) 4.5 billion VND
B) 5.536 billion VND ✅
C) 10.036 billion VND
D) 5 billion VND

Answer: B! Outstanding advance of 5.536B VND! 💵

Question 5: What was the bank's defense? 🏦

A) "We never issued a guarantee"
B) "The breach didn't happen"
C) "Missing signature means no payment" ✅
D) "We went bankrupt"

Answer: C! Technical compliance argument—which FAILED! ❌

Question 6: True or False: Banks can always avoid payment if documentation is incomplete? 📋

A) True
B) False - substance matters! ✅

Answer: B! This ruling shows substance > form! ⚖️

Question 7: What protects the bank from loss? 🛡️

A) Nothing—they lose everything
B) Collateral from contractor + recourse rights ✅
C) Government bailout
D) Force majeure excuse

Answer: B! Bank can recover from contractor/estate! 🔄

Your Score:

7/7: Legal eagle! 🦅⚖️ Ready to litigate guarantees!
5-6/7: Strong understanding! 💪 Just review the details!
3-4/7: Good start! 📚 Re-read key findings!
0-2/7: No worries! 🌱 That's why we explained it! Study time! 📖

🎬 The Ngocrinny Takeaway: In a Nutshell 🥜

Let's compress this landmark ruling into digestible wisdom! 🧠✨

The Core Holdings:

✅ GOOD FAITH WINS: Article 3 Civil Code applies to ALL contracts
✅ SUBSTANCE > FORM: Actual breach matters more than paperwork
✅ KNOWLEDGE = RESPONSIBILITY: Banks can't ignore what they know
✅ NO IMPOSSIBLE CONDITIONS: Can't demand dead person's signature
✅ PROTECTIVE PURPOSE: Guarantees exist to PROTECT beneficiaries
✅ EVIDENCE FLEXIBILITY: Documents can be perfected post-claim
✅ ECONOMIC REALITY: Court considers overall fairness

Why This Ruling Matters:

For Project Owners 🏗️:

💪 Stronger protection from contractor default
📋 Less vulnerable to procedural technicalities
⚖️ Courts will consider substance
🎯 Good faith efforts are recognized

For Banks 🏦:

⚠️ Can't hide behind technicalities
👀 Your knowledge creates duties
📊 Must evaluate claims substantively
💼 Need better guarantee drafting

For Vietnamese Law 🇻🇳:

📈 Moving toward modern commercial law
⚖️ Balancing formalism with fairness
💡 Recognizing economic realities
🌟 Pro-creditor, pro-protection trend

The Bigger Picture:

This case represents Vietnam's legal evolution:

From rigid formalism → Flexible fairness
From letter of law → Spirit of law
From technical compliance → Good faith principles
From creditor vulnerability → Creditor protection

Legal scholars: This could become a LANDMARK precedent for good faith application in commercial contracts! 📜⚡

🗣️ Call-to-Action: Join the Conversation! 💬

This ruling has HUGE implications! Let's discuss! 🗨️

Hot Discussion Topics:

⚖️ Should courts always override technical requirements for "fairness"?
- Pro: Prevents unjust outcomes ✅
- Con: Undermines contract certainty ⚠️
- Your take? 🤔
🏦 Did the bank act in bad faith or just follow its rules?
- Bank's view: "We followed the guarantee terms"
- Court's view: "You exploited an impossible condition"
- Who's right? 💭
💀 What if the CEO faked their death to avoid liability?
- Would the ruling change?
- How can banks protect against fraud?
- Due diligence requirements? 🔍
📋 Should guarantee letters be reformed?
- Include force majeure provisions?
- Alternative verification methods?
- Simpler claim procedures? 🤷
🇻🇳 Is Vietnam's good faith doctrine too broad?
- Does it create uncertainty?
- Or necessary flexibility?
- International comparison? 🌍
💰 Could banks refuse guarantees now?
- Higher fees to cover risk?
- Stricter terms?
- Market impact? 📊

Share Your Experience! 👇

💼 Business owners: Ever had guarantee disputes?
🏦 Bankers: How does this affect your procedures?
⚖️ Lawyers: Is this good law or concerning precedent?
🏗️ Project managers: Will this change how you handle contracts?
👨‍⚖️ Law students: Thoughts on good faith application?

Let's learn from each other! Your insights might help someone facing similar issues! 🤝🌟

🚨 Fun But Serious: A Brief Legal Disclaimer 🚨

Hey there, guarantee law explorer! 🕵️♂️💼 Before you go...

📜 This article is like a legal compass, not a guarantee itself 🗺️
It'll guide you through the principles, but won't guarantee victory in your specific dispute! (See what I did there? 😉)

🦄 Each guarantee situation is unique
Your specific guarantee terms, circumstances, evidence, and jurisdiction may vary significantly! Contract specifics MATTER! 📋⚠️

🧙♂️ For professional legal advice on guarantee disputes or banking law
Consult experienced commercial lawyers like Thay Diep & Associates Law Firm—they're the real masters of guarantee litigation! ⚖️✨💼

💡 Remember: Reading about this case doesn't make you a commercial litigator, just like watching "Margin Call" doesn't make you a banker! 🎬😉 (Though both are educational!)

⚠️ IMPORTANT: This ruling is:

🏛️ One court's decision (precedential value unclear)
📅 Recent (2025) - may be appealed or distinguished
🇻🇳 Vietnam-specific (laws differ globally)
📊 Fact-dependent (your facts = different result)

Always verify current law and consult professionals before making decisions based on any legal ruling! 🎯

#GuaranteeLaw #NotLegalAdvice #ConsultAPro #VietnamCommercialLaw #BankingLitigation

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🌙☀️ Parting Wishes From Your Commercial Law Legal Ninja ✨

📖 If you're reading this in the evening: May your dreams be filled with fair and enforceable guarantees, and may you wake up to find all your contractual counterparties acting in perfect good faith! Sweet dreams and stress-free contracting! 🌙😴💭📜

🌅 If you're reading this in the morning: May your day be as clear as this court's reasoning on good faith, and may your coffee be as strong as this precedent! Go forth and draft better guarantee clauses! ☕💪🌟⚖️

🌆 **If you're reading this during lunch break**: May your afternoon be productive, your contracts be enforceable, and may no one ever demand you obtain a dead person's signature! You deserve a drama-free day! 🍜🎉📋

💼 If you're reading this at work: May your workload be manageable, your guarantees be honored, and may all your business partners act with good faith and fairness! May technicalities never defeat justice in your dealings! 📈💰✨

🏠 If you're reading this at home: May your home be filled with peace, your business relationships be governed by good faith, and may you never face impossible contractual conditions! 🏡💚⚖️

🏦 If you're a banker reading this: May you draft better guarantee clauses, honor legitimate claims promptly, and embrace the good faith principle! Fair dealing = better business! 💼🤝

🏗️ If you're a project manager: May your contractors complete work on time, your guarantees provide real protection, and may courts always recognize substance over form! Build with confidence! 🚧✅

Wherever you are, whatever time it is—thank you for reading! You're now WAY more informed about guarantee law and good faith principles than 99% of people! 🌟🤗📚

Remember: In business and in life, good faith and fairness ultimately prevail! ⚖️💚

Until next time, keep learning, keep contracting fairly, and remember:
Good faith isn't just a legal principle—it's good business! 🤝✨

Ngọc Prinny
Your Friendly Neighborhood Commercial Law Ninja

"Fighting bad faith arguments one court ruling at a time!" ⚖️🔥

#VietnamLaw #GuaranteeLaw #BankGuarantee #CommercialLaw #GoodFaithPrinciple #CivilCode #ContractLaw #BankingLaw #LetterOfGuarantee #AdvancePayment #ConstructionLaw #LegalPrecedent #VietnamCourts #CommercialDispute #BankLitigation #ContractDispute #ForceMajeure #GoodFaith #LegalAnalysis #CaseLaw #VietnamBusiness #ProjectManagement #ConstructionContracts #BankingDispute #Judgment2025

Last Updated: December 29, 2025 | Based on: Judgment 28/2025

📌 BOOKMARK THIS FOR REFERENCE! If you ever deal with bank guarantees, advance payments, or commercial contracts in Vietnam, you'll want this analysis handy! 🔖✨

🔔 STAY UPDATED: Vietnam's commercial law is evolving rapidly. Follow for more case analyses and legal updates! 📰⚖️

💬 DISCUSSION QUESTION OF THE DAY:
"Should banks be able to refuse guarantee payments based on strict documentary compliance, or should good faith and substance always prevail?"

Vote in comments:

👍 = Good faith should win
👎 = Strict compliance necessary
🤷 = Depends on circumstances

Let's see what the community thinks! 🗳️💭

Blog Archive

Monday, December 29, 2025

🏦 When Banks Hide Behind Dead Signatures: Vietnam Court's EPIC Smackdown on Bad Faith! 💥⚖️